According to a major report, hay fever symptoms are now lasting for up to two weeks longer than they did in the 1990s. This change is attributed to climate change, which has been found to prolong the pollen season. The report, published in the journal Lancet Public Health, involved a review by 65 scientists from around the world.
Impact of Climate Change on Pollen Seasons
The report indicates that the flowering season of certain plants has been extended due to climate change. It specifically examined three trees common in Europe: birch, alder, and olive. The findings revealed that pollination for these trees began one to two weeks earlier between 2015 and 2024 compared to the period from 1991 to 2000. Professor Joacim Rocklov from the University of Heidelberg, one of the authors of the study, noted that there is a noticeable earlier onset of pollination in both northern and southern Europe.
Warm weather conditions, particularly in the UK over the last two years, have created an environment conducive to increased pollen levels, especially from birch trees, which are a significant trigger for hay fever. This phenomenon has been described as a “pollen bomb,” where warm, dry days facilitate the spread of pollen through the air.
Managing Hay Fever Symptoms
For many individuals, hay fever symptoms can significantly affect their quality of life, leading to missed workdays, poor sleep, and even academic challenges for students. Anne Biggs, deputy head of clinical services at Allergy UK, highlighted the impact of hay fever on daily activities and overall well-being.
Pollen can also exacerbate asthma and other respiratory conditions. Dr. Samantha Walker, director of research and innovation at Asthma and Lung UK, emphasized that pollen can inflame airways, potentially leading to severe asthma attacks and flare-ups of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
While there is no cure for hay fever, various medications can alleviate symptoms. Allergy expert Professor Stephen Till recommends a “cocktail approach” to treatment, suggesting that individuals consult with pharmacists for safe and effective options. Most hay fever sufferers can manage their symptoms with over-the-counter medications.
Pharmacist Ashley Cohen advises maintaining good hygiene to minimize pollen exposure. He suggests showering and changing clothes after being outdoors, as pollen can cling to skin and clothing. Additionally, pets can carry pollen into homes, making it important to consider their role in pollen management.
For those whose symptoms are particularly severe, a referral to a specialist may be necessary, although access to specialist allergy services can vary. Immunotherapy treatment, which involves gradually introducing small amounts of pollen to help the body build tolerance, may be an option for the most affected individuals.